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Montreal protocol

  Montreal Protocol The  Montreal Protocol  is an international  treaty  designed to protect the  ozone layer  by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for  ozone depletion . It was agreed on 16 September 1987 under the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer , and entered into force on 1 January 1989. Since then, it has undergone nine revisions, in 1990 ( London ), 1991 ( Nairobi ), 1992 ( Copenhagen ), 1993 ( Bangkok ), 1995 ( Vienna ), 1997 ( Montreal ), 1998 ( Australia ), 1999 ( Beijing ) and 2016 ( Kigali ) As a result of the international agreement, the ozone hole in Antarctica is slowly recovering. Climate projections indicate that the ozone layer will return to 1980 levels between 2050 and 2070. Due to its widespread adoption and implementation, it has been hailed as an example of successful international co-operation. The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) is a...

Book review BEAUTY AND THE BEAST

  BOOK REVIEW BEAUTY AND THE BEAST Title:    Beauty and the beast. Writer:   Gabrielle-Suzanne barbot de Villeneuve. Originally Published: 1790 A.D. Genre: Fairy Tale. romantic fantasy Theme: inner beauty vs outer beauty; a gentle and beautiful young woman Belle who is taken to live with the Beast in return for a favour.   About the Book: Beauty and the Beast  is a  fairy tale  written by French novelist  Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve  and published in 1740 in  La Jeune Américaine et les contes marins  ( The Young American and Marine Tales ). The book tell us a story of a Prince who is transformed into a beast when mysterious enchantress   cursed him.   About the Author: Gabrielle-Suzanne de Villeneuve was born and died in Paris. She belonged to a powerful Protestant family from La Rochelle and was a descendant of Amos Barbot, a Peer of France and a deputy in the Estates General in ...

What is Close Reading?

  Close Reading A critical analysis of a text is known as a close reading. It is very important in the sense that it helps learners to read complex texts and to focus on the significant details in order to develop a comprehensive and precise understanding of the text's meaning. It is considered as the tool that encourages learners to read text that is above their comfort level. Close reading is not something that comes naturally. It can be mastered or enhanced by engaging learners deeply with a challenging and unfamiliar text. But it requires the learners' active use of intellectual skills in order to focus on the key ideas and details in the text. While teaching or learning close reading, it is pertinent to mention that there should be a set goal, agenda or objective in the minds of teachers or learners in order to arrive at a deep understanding of the text. Purposes of Close Reading 1. To know the explicit meaning of the text and to make logical inferences from it. 2...

Reading problems

                       Reading problems.  Some common Reading Problems are listed hereunder: 1. Long and complex structure of sentences cause reading problems because students  cannot understand the proper subject-verb agreement. 2. Insufficient vocabulary. The most important thing about reading is that students must  have adequate vocabulary, the full understanding of the sentence pattern and 'rhetorical  patterning' of the text. Vocabulary plays the most effective role in reading. The understanding and the speed of reading depend on the level of new vocabulary in the  text. 3. Poor readers cannot use words with multiple meanings and usually develop a negative  impression about the text. 4. Students also face problems in figurative and idiomatic meanings of words, phrases or  sentences and fail to make out a proper meaning. 5. Lack of concentration is another mentionable reason for students' ...

Different types of Reading skills or techniques

 Arbaz khan notes  What are the different types of reading skills? READING SKILL. Reading, of all the language skills opens up before us a new world of experience. We  read for pleasure or information. Reading may be defined as a skill that enhances the  ability to understand the written language with correct pronunciation. We read reports,  articles, notices, directions, timetables, maps and graphs to lead a purposeful life.  Students can be immensely benefitted if they are trained to read English through  different stages of their education. Therefore, the role of teacher in teaching reading  is very crucial. Different types of reading skills/techniques.  The four main types of reading skills/techniques are as follows. 1) Skimming 2) Scanning 3) Intensive 4) Extensive  1. Skimming : - skimming is a type of rapid reading. Sometimes referred to as  gist reading.  Skimming is a reading technique meant to look for main or general...

Functions of integument

 Functions of Integument The integument performs various types of Functions for which is adapted in different vertebrates. These are as follows. 1 . PROTECTION :- The integument is basically a protective organ forming an envelope around the body. It protects the body by followings means. • Protection against mechanical injury. Integument protects body from pressure, friction and any other mechanical blow. Etc. • As mechanical barrier. The outer most covering of the integument is waterproof and germproof due to the process of keratinization. • Protection by secretion. Sweat and oil glands present in the integument kills or inactivate bacteria and resist development of Fungi. • Protective coloration. The integument of a few animals have variety of colours which help those animals to protect attack by the process of mimicry. • Extra protection by derivatives. In various vertebrates, integument has derivatives like scales, bony plates, feathers, and hair for extra protection....

How to manage Solid waste?

 Solid waste is managed only if we start to manage it individually.  We should pick up the plastic rappers which we see on ground and through it in dustbin. So at least who see me doing this will inspire himself to do so.  We should recycle the plastic items.  Glasses, tin etc.  We should reuse those waste which we can use  Like plastic jars is used to plant a tree. To decorate in roof.   We should resuse the plastic bags again and again when we buy any item from shop.  Like if we buy 5 kg rice from shop. The shopkeeper give rice in a 5 kg plastic bag. So we keep this bag in future use we we buy rice or something.  We should decay bio degradable waste to make organic fertilizer/manure.  rice